Gold filigree bezoar stone pendant. Dutch or Dutch Colonies, 17th century.

A gold filigree mounted bezoar stone.

Dutch or Dutch Colonies, first half of the 17th century.

Measures 2.6 x 1.6cm.

A bezoar is a hardened lump of undigested material that forms in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals such as deer, antelope, goats, oxen, and llamas. It develops when layers of calcium and magnesium phosphate accumulate around a small piece of plant fiber or a pebble.

The term bezoar originates from the Persian word p?d-zahr, meaning “antidote.” The belief in the bezoar’s medicinal properties was introduced to Europe from the Middle East in the 11th century and remained widespread until the 18th century. During this time, bezoars were thought to function as a universal antidote, capable of neutralizing any poison. In fact, it was believed that a drinking vessel containing a bezoar could render any liquid poured into it harmless.

Because of these perceived powers, bezoars were highly valued and often set into elaborate jeweled objects, pendants, or rings. This allowed the owner to always carry their “antidote” close at hand, ready to safeguard against potential poisoning.

For a similar example see the collection of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, object number: BK-NM-7082.