Gold ring with a cameo of the Roman Emperor Commodus in the guise of Hercul

A high carat gold ring with an agate cameo of the Roman Emperor Commodus in the guise of Hercules.

Probably Italian, 19th century.

Ring Size N UK / 6.75 US.

Weighs 3.5 grams.

The bezel measures 1.8 x 1.3cm

There is a stable crack to the bottom right of the cameo.

Emperor Commodus, who ruled the Roman Empire from 180 to 192 AD, is known for his erratic behavior and controversial reign. The son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, Commodus became emperor at 18, marking a rare direct father-to-son succession in Roman history. Initially, there were hopes that he would follow in his father’s philosophical and administrative footsteps, but his rule became infamous for its excesses and brutality.

Commodus was notably obsessed with his image and power, often presenting himself as a reincarnation of Hercules. He staged elaborate gladiatorial games, participating in them himself, where he would dress as Hercules, sometimes fighting wounded or restrained animals and even other gladiators. He saw these displays as proof of his prowess, though many Romans viewed his actions as an undignified display for an emperor.

His administration was largely marked by corruption and mismanagement. Commodus allowed others, especially the Praetorian Prefect and several close advisors, to handle much of the day-to-day governing, which led to widespread corruption. Over time, his increasingly erratic behavior and heavy spending drained Rome’s treasury.

In 192 AD, Commodus declared himself the “New Romulus,” planning to rename Rome and the empire in his honor. This was too much for his advisors, who feared his increasingly unstable rule. A conspiracy led by his mistress, Marcia, and key officials ultimately resulted in his assassination by strangulation in his bath. His death ended the Nerva–Antonine dynasty, sparking a brief period of chaos and civil war in Rome known as the Year of the Five Emperors.